Noncommutative geometry offers a radical reformulation of traditional geometrical concepts by replacing the classical notion of a manifold with a noncommutative algebra of coordinates. This approach ...

Columnist Natalie Wolchover checks in with particle physicists more than a decade after the field entered a profound crisis.

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

Scientists at CERN, the home of the Large Hadron Collider, have just observed an astoundingly rare phenomenon at the subatomic level that could lead to a new understanding of the standard model of ...

Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces from Imperial College London. Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and ...

String theory attempts to unify all forces and particles in the universe using vibrating strings. It aims to explain the Standard Model of particle physics, which is incomplete. String theory predicts ...