a, diagrams for the three main ultrafast tip-based microscopy techniques discussed in the review. b, exploration of physical processes through the techniques described above, sorted on the basis of ...

Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of CF-LITES and CF-H-LITES detection system. (a) The detailed diagram of the QTF. (b) The figure of the self-designed T-shaped QTF. Σ: adder; TA: trans-impedance amplifier ...

Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a versatile, label-free optical technique that exploits inelastic scattering of monochromatic light to yield detailed molecular fingerprints of biological specimens.

Dual-comb spectroscopy uses paired ultrafast laser frequency combs to identify molecules by their spectral fingerprints, enabling broad scientific and sensing applications.

Ultrafast spectroscopy today spans a broad range of applications, including photo physics and photochemistry of organic and inorganic materials, light-harvesting and energy-conversion processes, etc.