Wasps invading ant-plant systems are displacing ants in disturbed forests, potentially harming ecosystem stability and ...

From a plant’s point of view, birds are a mixed blessing. While some birds crush and destroy a plant’s flowers and seeds as ...

Mutualism is a way to understand our world. Instead of being stuck by the enormity of the world’s problems, mutualism enables us to uncover existing local solutions whose growth is centered on ...

Much of nature’s delicate balance is a case of give and take. UCCSbiology We now know that mountain treeshrews and summit rats feed on the nectar secreted by the giant pitcher plant – Nepenthes rajah ...

Reakirt's blue butterflies were moving among the flower heads of white clover in my lawn. I presumed that they were nectaring, but I watched closely and discovered that they were ovipositing. They ...

Endosymbiotic relationships -- in which one organism lives within another -- are striking examples of mutualism, and can often significantly shape the biology of the participant species. In new ...

The sudden onset of worldwide economic turbulence and the parliamentary expenses scandal have had immediate and visible effects on public confidence in the institutions involved. In the wake of the ...

Mutualism is a libertarian form of market socialism. It is most associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, the first person to call himself an anarchist. However, he did not invent the term but rather ...