The cell's endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a central role in protein synthesis, folding, and calcium (Ca²⁺) storage. When damaged, ER-phagy (self-eating) removes affected ER regions via ...

DJ-1 is a protein with wide subcellular distribution and pleiotropic functions. The loss-of-function mutations of DJ-1 are associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease yet the ...

A hallmark of type 2 diabetes is the progressive loss of beta cell mass: cells in the pancreas that produce and release ...

High concentrations of free fatty acid (FFA) in ketotic dairy cows activate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways, ...

Improvements in public health have allowed humankind to survive to older ages than ever before, but, for many people, these added golden years are not spent in good health. Aging is a natural part of ...

Inside cells, there exists an extensive system of canals known as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which consists of membrane-encased tubes that are partially broken down as needed -- for instance in ...

The endoplasmic reticulum is usually the biggest organelle in eukaryotic cells; it has various portions that serve different purposes; and it is the site of protein production, as well other other ...

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Glutathione balance in the ER, controlled by SLC33A1, is essential for proper protein folding and disease prevention.