Local proton irradiation causes a chemical reaction that leads to nanopatterned magnetic media. The technique has strong potential for improving high-density data storage and other types of ...

Group ions contain two or more atoms and usually have a negative charge. The formulae of these ions can be found in the data booklet. We can take the number of charges on the ion as the valency of the ...

Chemical Reactions: A chemical reaction is a process where the substances 8unbdergo a change in their chemical composition. The substances that enter the reaction are called reactants that are then ...